Is psychology a science?

Psychology being categorised under the name science, can often lead to disputes within the field of sciences. Psychology is the observation of behaviour and thought process of the human mind, within itself it is a vital source of knowledge, such as how biology, chemistry and physics provides a source of knowledge that is vital to humans and the environment. Science can be seen as the study of natural behaviours and physical aspects of the world, this definition within itself accompanies itself with the idea that psychology is a science, as behaviours are studied within the field of psychology.Eysenck and Keane (2000) believed that to make something a science it must have the following features, controlled observation, in which a specific manipulation is observed to see the effects. Secondly objectivity, as when data has been collected objectively it reduces the possibility of bias, thirdly testing theoretical predictions, because if a theory is not tested there is no evidence to prov ide if it is right or wrong.Fourthly is falsifiability, which means the scientific theory has the potential to be proved wrong by evidence, fifthly is the unifying theory which is every subject within the sciences has a unifying approach all theories are based off. Finally there is the fact of is any research conducted replicable, as it is hard to rely on studies that could provide inconsistent findings. Although providing clear guidelines on what makes a science, there are still some aspects which make the divide not as clear as believed.For example psychology uses the scientific method in some of the studies conducted, which is used throughout science for all research, so this aspect can be seen to make psychology a science. Too many the field of psychology is classed as a science; the science of the mind, as it looks at the most complex thing on Earth, the human mind, all theories on behaviours and thoughts stem from psychology (BBC, 2013).In many areas psychology and the three s ciences (physics, biology and chemistry) have similarities, for example, the sciences can be seen as reductionist as they try to take a complex behaviour or physical problem and break it down in to a simpler form. Many theories within psychology on similar problems can also be seen as reductionist as it aims to take complex behaviours and thoughts and break it down in to easier components to study.An example of this can be shown by Freud (1909), Freud believes behaviour stems from the unconscious mind, making it a reductionist as it does not take biology or other factors in to account. Reductionism can be seen to be an advantage when it comes to conducting a study as it means testable predictions can be created, and then can be carried out in a controlled experiment. Although by making a reductionist theory can also cause disadvantages such as falsifiability. Popper (1963) believed falsifiability was key to science, as science does not seek to prove its own theory right, but tries t o confirm it as wrong.This means that if a theory is un-falsifiable then it is not scientific, psychology in many sectors is falsifiable through problems such as reductionism, but there are also theories that are un-falsifiable as they are untestable such as many of Freuds (1909) theories display, for example the Oedipus complex can neither be proven nor disproven. As well as having issues with falsifiability psychology also lacks the objectivity needed for science to make it truly scientific, as without objectivity the research is prone to becoming bias.Even in experiments such as Skinners (1956) rat experiment can be shown to be subjective, because although the rat is pressing the lever and the lever presses are recorded automatically, it is still down to the opinion of the researcher on when he believes the rat has learnt by pressing the lever they get a treat. This can be counteracted on the bases that psychology has the unique position of studying the human mind which in itself is difficult to operationalize, as not all parts of the behaviour and thoughts can be measured scientifically, which unlike atomic mass or miles per hour in science can be.Science within itself can also come across problematic issues over control and objectivity. An example of this is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle â€Å"The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. † (Heisenberg, 1972) which means if something is precisely measured, and a hypothesis is believed to be true, it can often distant the researcher from the actual result. An issue with measuring investigations using the scientific method in general is it can restrict and affect answers within itself.An example is it can be argued that laboratory experiments are very artificial, so do not provide a clear picture of what would happen in real life terms. As well as sharing similarities with science on the basis they both have issues with control and objectivity, they both also share the same goals. They have three aims, the prediction, understanding and control over a study. Scientists and psychologists both put a theory forward, these theories in both cases lead to a creation of a hypotheses, this is the prediction.The next step is the understanding which is when you receive results from a prediction it should give the researcher and anyone reading the report a greater understanding of that subject. Control is the final step, the knowledge gained from the proven hypothesis provides knowledge which can be used to alter certain factors in the world. The three aims of science are according to Allport (1947), psychology follows these same three aims throughout studies, reporting and publishing work just as biology, chemistry and physics do.Throughout psychology the scientific method is used, but not in all areas although science has default problems itself with the scientific method. So it cannot always be said subjec ts within science always stick within the scientific boundaries themselves. Another point within psychology is psychology is a ‘new’ science, biology, chemistry and physics have been in service for a good period longer, so it may be in time more likely to be classed as a science.Nevertheless Miller (1983) would argue psychology is just a pseudoscience, an approach that claims to be scientific but does not have the key principles of science, he claims this can be dangerous as psychology is claiming to be a science, it provides the false ideal that their findings is ‘fact’. Although in comparison it could be argued that there is no ultimate knowledge of human’s behaviours and thoughts, so there must be a science to take over this role of discovering behaviours and thoughts.Science may study the physical aspects of the brain e. g. hormones that can be proven through empirical evidence, but it does not study the unknown areas such as behaviours, this is where psychology can provide answers. For example Piaget’s (1966) stages of development theory, that people develop starting at the pre-concrete stage and move throughout these stages until they reach the formal stage, science does not provide an answer for how humans develop in this sense.In conclusion psychology may seem like a vague  subject with no clear goals or guidelines, but it does have aims, its aim is to study the mind, the way people behave and think. Science still has unexplainable occurrences, that have no empirical evidence so in turn cannot be falsified, which in itself should make it not scientific. Psychology can provide answers for what science cannot explain, such as how memories are stored, psychology provides a theory for this whereas science does not. In conclusion psychology can be seen as a science to explain human behaviour that other sciences cannot.

Discuss Emma from Jane Austen s’ ‘Emma’ Essay

Emma is a well know novel written by Jane Austen, it’s based on the woman`s status at that time period and on the concept of the Augustan era. Jane Austen wrote Emma in the time period of when she grew up, It Took Jane Austen 15 Months to Write Emma. This Novel helps us understand the status of a woman at that time when women weren’t allowed to vote, wasn`t entitled to substandard education and were limited to housework. Jane Austen is trying to explain to us that in those days women had two choices to get married or to become a governess, and by understanding the way society was at the time, it will help us appreciate Emma. Jane Austen only wrote 6 novels and 5 of them are based on young women whose chances of marriage were very dependent on their status in society. However, Emma was different; she was her own woman who didn’t see the need in having to marry. The Character of Emma â€Å"with an alacrity beyond the common impulse of a spirit†¦ with the real good-will of a mind delighted with its own ideas† (Chapter 3, Page 15) was different from other women at that time, Jane Fairfax & Harriet Smith Play a big part in The noel, they are used manipulatively as clever devices to show that Emma`s ideas were not only based on reality but her own ideas that she decided herself. Jane Austen makes it clear to us from beginning of the novel that Emma is not a character that compiles with the flaws of her century. Emma is Strong-witted and can be very arrogant towards other people, she is also patronizing and presumptuous. She isn’t a typical woman of her status at her time as women`s lives were very quite controlled and restricted at the time of Jane Austen. The Novel Emma gives us the insight on Jane Austen`s Feelings and point of view on women living in that era. It Changes Emma from being a typical young woman of her time to her own woman who makes her own decisions and isn’t worried about the consequences. Although these flaws make Emma unique and independent and can be praised, they can also be criticized â€Å"Was one of the few people who could see faults in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them, and tough this was not particularly agreeable to Emma† (Page 5) Emma seems very strong-witted, confident and proud of herself and doesn’t like to be criticized unlike most of the other woman of her time. Out of all Jane Austen’s Heroines, Emma is the most flawed and frustrating but in the end is the most endearing. As a character Emma matures towards the end and realises the folly and misguidance of her actions towards other people. At the beginning of the novel Emma Likes To Think Of Herself as independent and doesn’t want to marry this could be because she`s comfortable with her status in society. We are made to think that Emma is a selfish young woman who is proud of herself and feels no need to marry. Later on in the novel we begin to realize that Emma`s match-making and interfering is causing no good and Emma Realizes this too. She then comes to realize her feelings for Mr. Knightly and starts to see the possibility that she needs to marry. There`s a lot of irony in Emma`s beliefs as she is the centre of everyone`s attention and interferes in other peoples relationships so much that she doesn’t realize her feelings for Mr. Knightly. Mr. Knightly is the only person in the whole novel that criticizes Emma other characters don’t really talk much about Emma except chapter 5 were Mr. Knightly and Mrs. Weston Discuss Emma. Emma thinks of herself completely different what others think of her, this also makes the novel more ironic. Emma thinks so highly of herself she doesn’t take any notice of what others might think this is a very cleaver device that Jane Austen uses. Emma and Harriet become friends so Emma tries to fins Harriet a husband that she thinks will be suitable. Emma doesn’t take any notice that Harriet if from a different class to her and looks for a husband for Harriet of her own class. Emma also carelessly starts a rumour about Jane Fairfax whilst flirting with Frank Churchill. However, Emma doesn’t do this on purpose and towards the end of the play Jane Austen shows us that Emma learns from her mistakes. Emma has many weaknesses and one of them just as Mr. Knightly had predicted â€Å"She will never submit to anything requiring industry and patience and a subjection of the fancy to the understanding† (Volume 1, Chapter 5). Emma is the cleverest in her family and is idolized by a lot of Highbury, this may be why she is so confident and convinced that she`s always right. Emma always seems to see the need to reshape things to suit herself this shows that Emma`s imagination has too much impact on her actions. Jane Austen makes it clear to us that Emma has a lot of imagination and this causes a lot of problems. Mr. Knightly states that imagination is nonsense; this is ironic as it opposes â€Å"sense† against â€Å"imagination† Jane Austen lets poetic justice take place in the novel towards the disclosure at the end, as this shows the procedure Emma needs to go through and the developments that need to be made in order to get the ‘perfect ending’. There were quite a few times in the novel when Jane Austen made Emma go through emotional and frustrating situations, which had been caused by herself, in these situations Emma, had to look back on her actions and be remorseful. Jane Austen shows us that the greatest threat to achieving happiness is ourselves. Towards the ending of the novel, there are quite a few examples when Emma has to me sorry for her actions. Mr. Knightly rebukes Emma for her bad-mannered conduct towards Miss Bates and Box Hill, He says, â€Å"I will tell you truths while I can†, she was â€Å"vexed beyond what could have been expressed,† and then she weeps. â€Å"Emma felt the tears running down her cheeks almost all the way home, without being at any trouble to check them, extraordinary as they were† (Page 376)Because Emma is crying this shows that she is starting to realize her mistakes and that she is feeling pain. It is only when something bad happens when Emma reacts to her bad actions, and when she realizes that she may lose Mr. Knightly she changes â€Å"†¦My blindness to what was going on, led me to act in a way that I must always be ashamed of, and I was very foolishly tempted to say and do many things which may well lay me open to unpleasant conjectures†. This shows that Emma feels embarrassed and humiliated and realizes her faults and mistakes and tries to fix them. We begin to see that Emma is slowly changing from being strong-witted, proud of herself, patronizing and confident to a more compassionate and honest character. Jane Austen has Emma go on an emotional rollercoaster towards the ending to create the ‘perfect happiness’ through poetic justice. In the end Emma is rewarded with the ‘perfect happiness’ and not the punishment she is afraid to get. We admire Emma as a character because of her flaws at the beginning and how they were changing throughout the novel, towards the end of the play she realizes her faults and mistakes and tries to fix them and changes her ways. Towards the ending we begin to see the more compassionate and honest side of Emma that wants to help people rather than the patronizing and self absorbed Emma she was in the beginning. This helps us appreciate Emma and lets us see that she has learnt from her mistakes and that she is maturing. Emma isn’t a typical woman of her time and tha`s why we love her because of her imperfections and her mistakes and the way she is able to turn things around to get her ‘perfect happiness’ that she has being searching for.

Purpose of Life, Modern Changes, and Human Isolation Essay

An especially confusing irony arising from Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot is that one of history’s more well-received and lauded plays is at the same time accorded so many diverse interpretations that understanding frequently seems elusive. The academic and critical literature clearly illustrates how the play has been debated. Exact thematic elements and even the playwright’s precise motivations have proven difficult to derive from the narrative’s textual structure. These interpretive nuances and proffered variations have been rendered even more suspect because Samuel Beckett offered evasive replies whenever he was queried about the intended function of certain characters or his personal intentions regarding any particular passage. These realities are not offered to argue that particular thematic features are incapable of determination, as familiar types of themes and thematic elements can be fairly well-established to a certain extant, but simply to point out and to acknowledge as a theoretical point of departure that Waiting for Godot is a broadly conceived type of narrative that touches upon many themes rather than being narrowly constrained to a particular theme. An examination of certain secondary scholarly analyses unequivocally illustrates the breadth of academic interpretations arguing that Beckett’s play addresses themes such as the meaning of God, the quest for individual salvation, the resistance of the French people against Germany’s occupation during World War Two, how human beings ought to live their lives in changing times, the fleeting nature of time, and the new circumstances that human beings had to adapt to in a post-World War Two era emerging from the Industrial Revolution. To be sure, with so many different interpretations supported by references to certain passages of the play’s text and relevant historical factors, it might seem highly unlikely to persuasively support a dominant or fundamental theme. A critical and comprehensive review of the textual evidence, on the other hand, does eventually suggest that there does exist a primary theme. This dominant theme in Waiting for Godot is that human beings can never truly understand the world in which they exist or how individuals are to be best integrated into a world with contradictory messages and imperfect information. Such a thesis can function to harmonize the different interpretations offered by secondary sources by showing how the main characters’ dialogue in different circumstances consistently illustrates and reinforces the human search for a definite purpose and a rational meaning in an external environment that persistently appears hopelessly incomprehensible. A Unifying Theme: Transcending Particular Interpretations To begin, addressing secondary theories before turning to the play’s actual text, it is necessary to demonstrate how academic and critical commentary has created more confusion than understanding by concentrating too narrowly from a thematic point of view. This type of analytical framework is necessary because virtually all of these at times conflicting and contradictory interpretations are capable of harmonization to a large extant if the play’s primary theme is posited as the individual human being’s desire to better understand and comprehend the function of the human animal in an incomprehensible external environment. It is superficially agreed, for example, that Beckett frequently utilizes universal themes in the narrative; in this respect, one secondary source argues that, â€Å"Waiting for Godot, in many ways, simply extends those uncertainties: Why are we here? Are we alone in an uncaring universe, or not? What are we to do while we are here? How can we know? And, ultimately, what does it matter? †(Hutchings x). This focus on universal concerns in the key to understanding the play and identifying the fundamental theme; indeed, these universal types of characterizations function in the larger picture to transcend more limited and narrow types of interpretations.

Sales and marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales and marketing management - Essay Example Gathering of information using primary method is the best way because there is interaction with a client (Baker 2008). Primary methods to be used can be observation, networking, interviewing and focus groups. This paper will put forward an in-depth assessment of cause related marketing, its benefits to involved partners and application of various theories Cause Related Marketing Does Cause Related Marketing aim to Generate Resources for Specific Concerns? Starbucks and Nike are one of the few companies that engage in cause related marketing. Companies partner with non-profit making organizations with various purposes. Apart from marketing their products, they raise awareness and offer support and some give donations to hunger stricken people. Other purposes include enhancing a company reputation, to gain financially and to enhance a customer loyalty. This proves that Cause Related Marketing has an aim of generating resources for specific needs (Dibb 2000). Yoplait Yogurt is another g ood company that did Cause Related Marketing in 1997. This company formed a partnership with Susan Komen Breast Cancer Foundation to promote their yogurt and at the same benefit the cancer foundation. The partnership had been successful because the Cancer Foundation used to receive 10 cents for a cup of yoghurt bought. The brand image of Yoplait was promoted and this led to increment of their sales. It also created a public awareness concerning breast cancer which is a killer disease. Differences between Cause Related Marketing and Social Marketing Cause related marketing has its main focus on benefiting partners involved. It is used to generate resources, create awareness of a situation and improve the image of a company. There is marketing involved. Products of a company are marketed while trying to raise awareness of a social situation. The organization involved get financial help while companies increase their product sales. Social marketing is taking advantage of social media t ools to do marketing (Keller 2008). It enables customers to be informed, make better decisions and view products in a wider perspective. Through this way, a company is able to increase its sales and revenue. It is an old strategy of marketing. Benefits of CRM for Both Parties The primary goal for companies that engage in cause related marketing is to increase their revenue and promote their image. This type of marketing enhances brand building. Customers prefer companies or brands that associate themselves with donations. Companies that engage in charitable activities are preferred more than those that do not. Organizations benefit when they are funded by companies. Non-profit making organizations have more sources of funding when they partner with companies that engage in Cause Related Marketing. Companies known to donate to non-profit making organizations include Coca Cola and McDonalds among others (Kotler 2009). Cause-related Marketing generates goodwill for a company and create s organization awareness. Conclusion Cause-related marketing benefits all the parties involved. There is increase of sales because customers like to be associated with companies that engage in charitable activities. Both the images of businesses and organization are enhanced. There is awareness of a social phenomenon and organizations benefit financially. Brand Development Introduction Branding is always in a form of a logo which is designed to convey a certain message

DECISON MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DECISON MAKING - Essay Example The routine decision making can be sub divided into different forms based on several variables that differentiate them; however, the two broad categories of decision making are programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions (O Brien, 1999). A programmed decision is, simply put, a decision that has a fine structure and occurs rather frequently, with less exceptions. Such decisions are relatively easier to make as they follow a pretty standardized procedure; a simple example of the same can be answering a customer query or solving a customer query such as password retrieval. A non-programmed decision is exact complement of the former; non-programmed decisions are more about exceptional handling rather than routine work out, for such decisions, there is less structure of any formal procedures that would resolve the issue. Accordingly, the frequency of occurrence is lesser. Purchase of fixed asset, based on frequency of occurrence can be a non-programmed procedure but since the process of purchase is well defined, it does not qualify for the same. The purchase of a house or a television would be a rather non-programmed decision. In this section, the steps for rational decision making are applied to the given case. ... The case is the need for replacement of the photocopy machine, and the decision making process is to be applied for the purchase of this new equipment (Noorul Haq, 2007). For the decision making process to be successful, it should go by a procedure so that the defined procedure can undertake the different variables needed for an appropriate decision making. Following are the simple steps that are a part of the rational decision making process with brief elaboration (Davidson, 2006), alongside the three steps, their application for the given case is also briefed: STEP I: Recognizing and defining the decision situation: It is essential for managers to recognize and define the need for the decision to be taken. There are certain underlying variables that define the need for the decision; these variables are indicators for the need of a decision. The decision situation has arisen; the photocopy machine needs to be replaced and a new equipment needs to be purchased. The need has arisen mainly due to the excess usage of the equipment in routine business operations. STEP II: Identifying alternatives: Once the need for a decision is identified, alternate decisions available should be identified. Pertinent to this case, the alternatives available are the different models of the machine (that of course have varying functionalities) and the list of pre-selected vendors who sell these machines. Another form of alternative evaluation could have been evaluation of either purchase, rent or not buy at all. However, with the requirements that it caters to, it has become essentially important to buy one as it has a lot of usage in routine operations. Going to a near by shop could have been another way out, which is ruled out due to potential lose out of confidential

Teamwork in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teamwork in the Workplace - Essay Example Those workplaces are more effective in performance which offer a collaborative platform to its members so that a shared communicative environment is made possible where all members can interact with each other without hesitation. When every team member contributes to the decision-making, the end result is very productive. However, teamwork becomes problematic when members do not understand each other’s stance. Problems begin to develop when the group or team members do not understand their own and others’ responsibilities or develop unnecessary expectations from others. To counter this problem, the team leader must encourage the members to share their problems with each other. The leader makes a team more effective when he creates a role-balance between the members. Those work teams tend to be more effective for businesses in the long run which are managed properly, in terms of communication, collaboration, and role-balance. Another important aspect of teamwork is the collection of diverse skills and competencies. Work teams are a very useful way of organizing work within an organizational setting. In comparison with individual performance, teamwork proves to be very prolific when a certain duty requires the performance of a set of numerous skills and experiences of diverse levels. The potentials of employees are best utilized in groups and teams which tend to be more supple and reactive toward varying and serious incidents. Good quality teamwork and the results acquired through a shared and synchronized effort adds a lot to the concept of organizational culture. A work team struggles to make a joint endeavor, and the result is more dynamic than all efforts when done individually. This benefit is what all organizations are working to get by deploying work teams no matter how expensive team management is. Â  

Analyse the organisational behaviour issues that contributed to the Assignment

Analyse the organisational behaviour issues that contributed to the leadership challenges at HP - Assignment Example HP began humbly at the back of its entrepreneur’s garage. Engineers David Packard and Bill Hewlett established an unconventional company in the 1950s. They wanted to build a business environment in which members were free to express their ideas and make contributions; they thus created a flat structure. Many individuals in Silicon Valley praised the organisation for its revolutionary ways. During the mid 1990s, employees had a profound respect for the institution. They carried on with their jobs despite the tumultuous environment that pervaded the IT industry. Several individuals felt loyal to the organisation even though the company had to subject them to pay cuts. Members trusted the company’s leaders as strong levels of communication existed in the organisation. These trends altered dramatically when the company decided to hire an external executive for the first time in the late 1990s. The move was initiated by the departing CEO who felt that HP had become complacen t. Some of its competitors in Silicon Valley were exemplars of innovation and growth. It was assumed that an external leader would inject the much-needed fresh insight into the company. However, such a move proved to be ill-conceived because it was the beginning of several tumultuous events in the organisation. At the beginning, CEO Fiorina seemed like a forward-thinker. She initiated various restructures within HP and even lobbied for the acquisition of a competitor - Compaq. The latter move would prove to be her downfall as it failed to yield the expected outcomes. Shortly after a period of disappointing results, Fiorina resigned and made room for Mark Hurd. He was a transformative leader who engaged with his employees. He also supervised a massive layoff and delayered the firm structures. However, he was involved in a personal scandal that led to his elimination. His replacement, Leo Apotheker, was a pale comparison to Hurd. He failed to improve stock performance and even discont inued winning strategies. The final straw fell when he bought a business analytics company called Autonomy. Stock prices decreased tumultuously thereby signalling his elimination. These leadership challenges were also amalgamated by disputes in the board. The paper will examine organisational behaviour issues that led to the firm’s woes. Analysis of the situation Leadership The situational leadership theory assumes that different situations require different leadership traits. Therefore advocates of the school of thought believe that no profile of leadership is perfect for all situations (Hope and Hendry, 1995). Instead, utmost attention should be given to the variables within a certain situation and the right approach selected for them. These variables include the nature of work tasks, peer expectations, other leaders’ expectations, the culture and climate of the organisation, and followers’ responses. In some instances, a leader may need to be a risk taker whi le in some scenarios; the person may have to exhibit nurturing traits (Buchanan and Boddy, 1992). Sometimes it may be preferable to be charismatic while in some situations it would be best to focus on results. Hewlett Packard may have benefited from applications of situational approaches to leadership during the three tenures under analysis. CEO Carl Fiorina appeared to apply the same leadership traits in divergent situations and this could have explained her dissatisfactory performance. She was highly transformative; as soon as she

Acoustic emission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Acoustic emission - Essay Example nown as AE sensors and the substance is normally left un-impacted since the energy emanates from the location of the occurrence and therefore there are no requirements for any energy from the outside environment (Jolly, 78). One of the most powerful means used in ascertaining the substance’s (those succumbed with stress) internal alterations and tendencies is the acoustic emission (AE) testing. The tool basically an efficient method of determining the changes caused from the breaking of fibers, cracks elongations, other instances of on-going destruction taking place in Substances that are stressed, and so on, by simply detecting and changing into electric impulses these waves of sound produced. In other words, this is simply to allude that substances which are under some stress usually scream or talk and the AE testing tool comes in handy in ‘listening’ to these sounds and noises (Scruby, 124). The pioneer AE testing was performed by the U.S Navy in 1961 in the industry of the Aerospace. The goal of this study (hydrostatic testing) was to determine the Polaris rocket’s efficiency and a decision was later struck to employ equipment for the analysis of the level of sound, a tape recorder and contact microphones upon the detection of sounds that were audible. Additionally, at the Testing Station for the National Reactor in the onset months of 1965, the AE was successfully put into use by surveyors who were striving to find ways of ascertaining the nuclear reactors’ coolant losses. From that time onwards, the acoustic emission has been used with much success in monitoring things such as the wear of tools, wears in engines, failures in civil structures, growth of fatigue, the integrity of structures and the escalation of tear in laminates of composite kinds (Scruby, 200). Changes in temperature, when welding is taking place, usually cause between the base material and the weld stresses where in certain instances there are observed small cracks. In 1969, Dr.

Don't shrink in the group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Don't shrink in the group - Essay Example She has several publications on behavioural psychology which makes her an authority in the subject. She explains her thesis from a diagnosis perspective by suggesting that the inaction of a person in a group is not because of an individual’s or personal defect or deviance but more of the general outfit of group behaviour and the characteristics of people in groups. This is why if a person sees a hit and run accident or an infliction of injury by on a stranger by a thug or violent animal, they will respond immediately and some even risk their own safety for the stranger. However if a group of people witnesses such a thing they will hesitate before any of them can marshal for help or take action to assist the victim. Her first reference point is the act of surprised neighbours who horrifically watch as one of their neighbours is stabbed right in front of her door step. This in its self amounts to a shrinkage as none of the neighbours who saw the whole scene made an attempt at he lping or intervening. She extends her thesis to include the act of policemen watching as some of their colleagues beat up the perpetrator helplessly while they did nothing. In an experiment done with school students, the rate of response to a fire of students seated in groups of three was much slower than that of the students who were seated individually. At the first sight of smoke pouring through the vents, the students seated individually rushed to check the vents and then dashed out of the class room. Those seated in groups sat in the room until it was fully filled with smoke and it became unbearable for them to remain in the room. The second experiment involving a staged loud crash and the screaming and mourning of a woman from a staged broken ankle recorded that the majority of individuals went to assist the woman while only 40 percent of those ion groups were bothered to respond to the cry for help. This leads to her first hypothesis that for the victims there is no safety in numbers. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the group characteristics cause reluctance to the individual to take action. The individual is drawn to assume that there is no need to act because there is nothing to be done. This assumption therefore is responsible for the inaction of individuals in a group. For instance a group of people may gather at a scene of an accident and spend quite some time at the scene waiting for the police until they realise no one had actually called the police since they thought the other had dialled the emergency number whole in actual sense no one had done so. The second explanation and justification to the hypothesis about group characteristic is that the members in a group fail to act due to the fear of humiliation rejection and ridicule. She alludes to the euphemism that society does not like people who go against the common decision however wrong it may be. â€Å"Do the moral thing and be disliked, humiliated, embarrassed and rejectedâ €  (Tavris 10). In my personal experience, I witnessed numerous fights between my friends and peers. The moral thing to do was to stand out and tell the fight off and separate them but since all others enjoyed the excitement I could not get myself to stand up against the crowd and deny them of the entertainment which was happening at the expense of the victims. This was not because I was lazy or ill mannered or helpless. It was because I could not take the humiliation that would come after despite the fact that I was actually doing the right thing.

A critical evaluation of the role of Friends of the Earth in the Essay

A critical evaluation of the role of Friends of the Earth in the development of policy responses to climate change in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Thus, one can easily relate Climate Change to the Global Financial Crisis, as the latter seems to be the deterring point behind the ignorance on the former. However, this isn’t the point where it can be established that Climate Change is a lost cause. Instead, a few examples can still be narrated where government involvement led toward policy responses, and that too legally binding in context to the state legislation. The scholarship on climate change indicates that government involvement with the issue is very critical to resolving the crisis at hand. Also, the efforts that are already being done must be rocketed by taking the crucial stakeholders into confidence. In other words, theoretical paradigms in climate change studies indicate that the social interest groups or volunteer organizations can play a positive role in bringing the issue on agenda, and once the issue transforms into a political one legislations are bound to be designed. However, certain steps need to be fol lowed which includes; developing or identifying non-environmental leadership, initiating action in the community, changing lifestyles and lastly transforming it into a global effort. Policy responses on the issue of climate change will only result after the intermingling of three actors; normative rationale on part of government, citizen`s will to take action and accurate consultation designs by organizations/individuals having expertise. To prove the point, a critical analysis of the organization functioning actively in the UK, the Friends of the Earth can be quite insightful. The organization reached a huge breakthrough in 2008, when after many concerted efforts; they were able to incorporate the Climate Change Act of 2008 in the UK, with binding legislations aiming at controlling the environmental damages via limiting carbon emitting gases. The organization i.e. Friends of the Earth initiated their campaign by publishing

Marketing scenario Essay Example for Free

Marketing scenario Essay Introduction Positioned as an premium offering focused to lowest overall cost to end users through superior overall performance. Leader in quality , performance and technological innovation Product lines Carton sealing and industrial tapes Specialized adhesives Other packaging products K2 tape – Manufactured using patented technology and a brand name for pressure sensitive carton sealing tape Very high tensile strength and sheer resistance Positioning High Price K2 Products Low Quality High Quality Ipack Tensile New Product Low Price Problem Statement †¢ K2 tape competed against inferior economy grade products in carton sealing type †¢ IPACK offered 25-35% lesser price †¢ Revenue of K2- . 6 million IPACK – $28.5 million in 2012 †¢ Tensile – a new competitor had $2.7 million dollar sale with one sales representative Should PST stay with high quality product or enter the economy grade segment ? Option 1: Enter the economy grade segment under the same brand PROS Access to the economy segment Defend market share against competition Diversification of product portfolio CONS Dilution of the brand image as a maker of  technological superior product Cannibalization of its own product offering Cluttered product line Option 2: Enter the economy grade segment under different brand Implications for: PROS CONS Customer †¢ Ability to fulfill need of price sensitive  customers †¢ Possibility of change in perception of  being a quality leader Distributor †¢ Possibility to offer a low end PST  product †¢ Even wider product range; Limited  sales force Sales Force †¢ Ability to offer more variety in terms of  price levels †¢ More effort to explain product  differences Brand †¢ No positive impact †¢ Negative impact on brand image Option 2: Stay with high-quality products Implications for: PROS CONS Customer †¢ Maintaining image of quality Leader †¢ Loss of Market share; Not targeting  price sensitive consumers Distributor †¢ No need for adjustment in  distribution policy †¢ Low-price offer only from competitor not from PST Sales Force †¢ Consistent and easy product  quality †¢ No ability to offer solution for price  sensitive customer Brand †¢ Consistent overall brand image †¢ No negative impact Recommendation PST should enter the economy grade segment NEW BRAND †¢ New name (unrelated to PST) to avoid negative impact on brand image †¢ Marketed completely independent PRODUCT LAUNCH †¢ Development and launch of two new products to compete with Tensile †¢ Competitive pricing strategy (similar to Tensile) ENTER MARKET †¢ Make use of well established distribution network †¢ Offer economy equivalents for RD-48 RDS-72 SUCCESS FACTORS †¢ There is a projected growth in demand (e.g. packaging segment 2.2%) †¢ PST has an established sales force and distribution network in the tape market †¢ There is a lack of brand loyalty of price sensitive customers (switching to PSTs new brand) †¢ There was suitable equipment and capacity for quick production Distribution Plan †¢ Distribution through existing network for faster brand growth †¢ Hire more sales people to increase service quality sales in PSTs tape business

Drama Comparison Essay Example for Free

Drama Comparison Essay I am going to compare the scenes in which we have studied for She Stoops to Conquer and Guys and Dolls, I am going to discuss the similarities and differences between the two chosen sections. The sections that I am going to discuss are Act 1 scene 2 in Guys and Dolls, and In She Stoops to Conquer the section between Marlow and Miss Hardcastle as a maid. The time period that Guys and Dolls by Damon Runyon is set is in the 1950s, New York, this is shown through the accents of the characters on stage and also through costumes. In this scene Sky would be wearing a full suit and Sarah would be wearing an old Salvation Army suit. This is vastly different then She Stoops to conquer by Oliver Goldsmith, which is set in the 18th century, in the English countryside. The period is conveyed through costume, Marlow would be wearing breeches, and a cravat, a short jacket with a tail underneath wearing a colourful waistcoat the men would have long hair tied back with a ribbon. Miss Hardcastle would be wearing a maids outfit in this section; this would be a long brown dress with long sleeves and a square neck front and would also be wearing a white apron. They also convey this through language, which is Shakespearian. Another difference between them is that Guys and Dolls is a Musical and She Stoops to conquer is a restoration comedy. There are some major similarities between these two sections one of these is that its between a guy and a girl, and in both the guys are going for the girls. Even though this is a major similarity the woman react in different ways. In She Stoops to conquer Miss Hardcastle is playing hard to get so actually does like Marlow but does not want him to take her to bed, whereas Sarah just does not like Sky and does not want to talk to him. Both of the girls reactions are similar in the way that they are both rude and talk back to the men, both woman are supposed to come through as being innocent. Another similarity is that it is both dramatic irony this is because in She Stoops everyone knows that the maid is actually Miss Hardcastle, and in Guys and Dolls everyone in the audience knows that Sarah and Sky are going to fall in love. The guys in both performances are bold, Sky asks Sarah to go to Havana with him and Marlow implies to Miss Hardcastle that he wants to go to bed with her. Both plays are also deceiving this is because Miss Hardcastle is pretending to be a maid to Marlow, and in Guys and Dolls Sky is only talking to Sarah because he has bet that he can take her to Havana. A difference between them is movement, in She Stoops to conquer the movements are very over exaggerated this is because at the time it was the fashion in theatre to do this, the audience would find these movements amusing and made the story easier to follow. In Guys and Dolls the movements are much more naturalistic in this scene and this also helps to convey the period. An example of over exaggerating in She Stoops is that when she meets Marlow for the first time she would do a big curtsy, but over the top this would be amusing for the audience because they would be able to see that she was trying too hard to act like a maid. A similarity between them too is that they both use the whole stage this is because in She Stoops the large movements make the actors use more space and in Guys and Dolls the actors use a lot of space because Sarah is almost trying to get away from Sky. The status of the characters is different, in She Stoops Marlow thinks that he has the higher status but Miss Hardcastle actually does I would show this by Marlow sitting down for quite a lot of it, showing he has a lower level. In Guys and Dolls the status changes at the start Sarah has the highest status but when she says Isaiah the status changes and Sky then has the higher status. The set is different in both sections because of the different periods and the contexts. In She Stoops I would set it out as in a small area I would use a similar idea as what I saw in the production Othello were the walls fluctuated according to the mood of the play. I think that this should be a very small space this would show intimacy towards the two characters. The furniture should be set out as rich 18th century home e.g. a chez lounge chair in deep red and oak tables. In Guys and Dolls I would have this in a big space this would show the emptiness of the room and also reflect how far Sky and Sarah were away from each other in class. The design of the room would be that with 10 rows of chairs and 5 seats horizontally across the front. The use of Lighting would be very different this is because in She Stoops it is older so the light would be in sepia, or the light dimmed like it was candlelight, this would convey the period and show that it was old. In Guys and Dolls the lights would be bright at colourful to show that it was exciting and have a happy mood. The Music in Guys and Dolls is similar in the way that it tells a part of the story, in She Stoops when we acted out when the music came on we would do movement to what would be happening next. The emotional impact of She Stoops is that the audience find it very amusing and there is tension because the audience do not know weather Miss Hardcastle will pull it off. In Guys and Dolls the audience find it funny because Sky is so persistent and will not take no for an answer this is similar because for both the audiences reaction should be to find it funny. In Conclusion I think that they are very similar and different in lots of ways they both have similar ideas about a boy trying to get a girl, but the way in which the girls react is different. The way in which I would set out each of the sections would be completely different because of the time period and the intensity of the characters. Overall they both use different techniques to show that they are different e.g. making gestures big.

Qualities Of A Good Football Player Physical Education Essay

Qualities Of A Good Football Player Physical Education Essay Football has become a sport that interest by all population in this world. To play or become a good football player, the person must master many skills and have a healthy physical and mental. Football players also must combine speed, strength, agility, power, and endurance as basic qualities before the individual skills inherent to the playing of soccer can be utilized and depend on the position such as defense, strikers, midfielder and goal keeper. The understanding of the physical and the mental demands of the sport will enable a more scientific approach to the training of soccer players by (Bell and Rhodes 1975; Caru et. al. 1970; Fardy 1969). According to (Nicks et. al. 2006; Romer et. al. 2002) Soccer is one of the intermittent sports that require high intensity bouts of exercise, with periods of passive or active recovery and coherent performance in repeated sprints need sufficient recovery between sprints. So the player must have strong muscles, high muscular endurance, have strong core and have high level of aerobic capacity because the football game are played for 90 minutes. So the training must contain high aerobic training to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary functions so the athlete can cope with the sport. Physiological assessment of athletes can provide an opportunity to examine or test the adaptation to specific types of exercises and training. These adaptations can be valuable to the clinician, coaches and athletes themselves. For example, lab test that can be proceed to examine the adaptation to specific types of exercises and training. To test the adaptation to the lung we can use pulmonary functions test to examine the effectiveness of lung muscles functioning, to check the vital capacity and to estimate the lung volumes. The function of the lung is to deliver O2 to gas exchanged surface and exhaust CO2 to atmosphere. To achieve this with brain functioning normally, breath begins with contraction of inspiratory muscle enlarging the thorax, lowering intrathoracic and pleural pressures, enlarging the alveoli and airways, expanding the alveolar gas so reducing its pressure below atmospheric. Air at atmospheric pressure must flow into the thorax where it is conducted to, and diffuses, out into the alveoli. The carriage of air through the airways depends on the patency of the tube as well as on the consistency of the lung and the power of the respiratory muscles. At any one moment approximately 100ml of desaturated blood, with a strong affinity for O2, is spread over an area of 70 square meters( area of pulmonary capillary bed ) separated from air by a membrane 0.2 micron thick. Oxygen from alveolar air diffuses rapidly across the alveolar capillary membrane and is finally chemically combined with hemoglob in molecules within the circulating red blood cells (RBC), CO2 diffuses into opposite direction and is eliminated in expired gas. The Vital capacity test is one of the oldest and most common respiratory tests. The measurement of vital capacity (VC) simply requires that an individual blow as large a breath of air as possible into a spirometer. Thus, the person expels three of the four components of the total lung volume when performing the vital test. There are inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal volume (TV) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV). It provides an indirect indication of the size of the lung, although it is not a complete measure of the entire lung size because it does not account for residual volume. In general facts, vital capacity relate to three uncontrolled characteristics which are age, stature and gender. Lung function measurements also may be made for several reasons. They are useful in describing the lung for diagnostic purpose and subsequently in monitoring change. Accuracy and consistency are therefore very important, and a convention exists for the procedure of measurement and expression of result. In general, a measurement will only be accepted after multiple attempts have been scrutinized and expressed under standard conditions. These are usually body temperature and atmospheric pressure. To guarantee accuracy, laboratory practice should include regular physical and biological calibration of the equipment. Standard for good laboratory conduct have been described greatly by British Thoracic Society or association of respiratory technologist and physiologist 1997. In health there are several factors which influence the magnitude of the lung function. These include height, sex, age, and to a lesser degree weight and ethnic origin (Cotes1979, Anthonisen1986). As a result, assessment of normalcy can only be compared with reference values. The better can be obtained from the study of larger numbers of normal people from the relevant population (European community for Coal and Steel 1983). Once obtained, results can be expressed as percentage predicted or, more correctly, by comparison with the 95% confidence interval for the valves. Problem statement. It is interesting to know whether there are any different of lung volumes and lung capacities base on the different position in the football team such as striker position and defenses position. In football team, the defenders position tasks are different with the striker position task, for example the defensive position, the job of the centre backs or  central defenders  is to stop opposing players, particularly the strikers, from getting the opportunity to score, and to clear the ball from their own penalty area. So usually the defense has big physical to stop the striker, but different with the striker position, usually the strikers position players have not too big physical, because these positions are for the fast person to score the goal. This study of pulmonary function of the Uitm football players base on position, have taken students group of both striker position and defense position of aged between 19-25 years and focused on essential parameters including, FVC and has used Spirometer. The spirometer device used to assess these parameters. This study mainly concentrates on lung parameters including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and how far it varies base on the position such as striker and defense. The FVC also use to assess the lung function of Uitm soccer players. Operational Terms 1.2.1 Exhalation is act or an instance of exhaling air. From journal sources Masaoka Y, Satoh H, Akai L, Homma I. (2010) 1.2.2 Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances into the lung. From internet sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki 1.2.3 Total lung capacity are refers to the total amount of air in the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. From internet sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki 1.2.4 Ventilation is a cyclic process of inspiration and expiration whereby optimal levels of Oxygen and cabondioxide are maintained in the alveoli and arterial blood. 1.2.5 Tidal Volume (VT) is defined as the amount of air that is inspired and expired during normal resting ventilation. 1.2.6 Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the maneuvers in which the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a inspiratory effort. 1.2.7 Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is defined as the maximum volume of air that can be breathed voluntarily by an individual in one minute. From internet sources http://www.answer.com/topic/maximum-breathing-technique Objectives In this study, there are some purposes or objective that can be seen. They are; To measure the level of fitness of Uitm football players by using force vital capacity y test. To determine whether there is a different in pulmonary functions base on position in football team such as defense and striker. 1.4 Hypothesis H °-There is no significant different on pulmonary functions in football position such as striker and defense H ª-There is significant different on pulmonary functions in football position such as striker and defense 1.5 Significant of the study The significant of this study is mainly to measure and compare the lung volumes and capacities among the Uitm football player base on their position. Does the football position such as striker position and defenses position have differences effects on the lung volumes and capacities? The study is important because it can help certain peoples such as coach, physiotherapy and athletes especially in any kinds of sports to improve pulmonary functions. In addition, this study also can increase knowledge of coach and athletes, and show them how important is to have efficient and strong lung to improves their performances for their sport. 1.6 Delimitation The first delimitation is the number of any kinds of research subjects, which consists thirty (n=30) age range from 19-25 years old will take part in this study. The subjects are selected in the Uitm football team and physically active and all the participants must be healthy. The subjects are divided into two groups of defense and striker. The others delimitation is the subject gender and age. The test will be conduct in Physiology Lab. Limitation In this study, the participants involved may have some experience in vital capacity test. The participants that will be selects in this study will be participating in the lab test by using spirometer. The participation is important in this study because it can affect the results and data if the participants do not cooperate and participate willingly. Besides that, the time constrains also can be one of the factors because the participants have their own schedules and will clash with the test schedules and can not attend the test. In addition, money can be a problem because, there is no sponsored in this study. The daily activities of the participants will not be controlled. Assumption In this study, it can be assumed that all the participants can do and completed the vital capacity test. Thus, I also believe and make sure that all the participants will understand and follow all the instruction given by the technician. The researchers also predict that all the participants are physically active and healthy. The researcher assumed that the test in this study instrumentation was appropriate for the target population. I also predict that all the participants fully understood the types of test and method and how to perform it correctly. The research participants accurately of completed the inventory leisure participation and leisure constraints to the best of their ability. Lastly, all the participants are coming from the same populations, which Uitm football team aged 19-25 years old.

Tomas Aleas The Last Supper Essay -- Last Supper Alea Movies Film Sla

Tomas Alea's The Last Supper [1] Before I start this essay, I feel the need to remind the reader that I find slavery in all its forms to be an oppressive and terrible institution, and I firmly believe that for centuries (including this one) bigotry is one of the most terrible stains on our civilization. The views I intend to express in the following essay are in no way meant to condone the practices of slavery or racism; they are meant only to evaluate and interpret the construction of slavery in film. [2] For films concerning slavery, the role of the filmmaker as educator is substantially heightened. All too often slavery films categorically vilify whites as oppressive forces, polarizing race and stereotyping the white class as uniformly tyrannical. The sympathetic but relatively powerless white in this system is frequently left out, condoning a stance that separates race as a division between villains and martyrs. While I see an effort in Tomas Gutierrez Alea’s The Last Supper to move beyond these representations, how successful the film is as a transcendence above the typically extreme constructions of character in the slave film is a difficult assessment, particularly for a film from a Cuban director during the Cold War. [3] For John Mraz, the representation of history in Tomas Alea’s The Last Supper is commendable work. Mraz claims that the film joins a cinematic collection where â€Å"films meet many of our expectations about what history ought to be† (120). Mraz continues his praise of Alea’s historical constructions, asserting that the way the film addresses history is impartial and objective: â€Å"The Last Supper follows the classic model of both written and filmed history in insisting on the reality o... ... fear. Once realized, those in power become all the more determined to maintain power through the brutality those revolts are meant to eliminate. The results are seldom glorious; instead, they are usually tragic. We must remember that the end of slave societies usually resulted from economic or political pressure put on political leaders by free men in the system, not those meant to be under it. Works Cited Fraginals, Manuel Moreno. The Sugarmill: The Socioeconomic Complex of Sugar in Cuba, 1760-1860. New York: Monthly Review, 1976. Knight, Franklin W. Slave Society in Cuba during the Nineteenth Century. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1970 Mraz, John. Recasting Cuban Slavery: The Other Francisco and The Last Supper.† Based on a True Story: Latin American History at the Movies. Ed. Donald R. Stevens. Wilmington: S.R. Books, 1997. 106-22.

Collection of Poems by Various Authors Essay -- Edgar Allen Poe Langst

Collection of Poems by Various Authors Poet Biography, Edgar Allan Poe The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe Mamie by Carl Sandburg Explication, Mamie by Carl Sandburg Two Strangers Breakfast by Carl Sandburg Mag by Carl Sandburg Explications of Two Strangers Breakfast and Mag by Carl Sandburg Reasons Why by Langston Hughes Explication of Reasons Why by Langston Hughes The Faces of Our Youth by Franklin Delano Roosevelt Enjoyment, Explication, The Faces of Our Youth by Franklin Delano Roosevelt Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Explication Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Works Cited Poet Biography Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is one of the best-known American poets. His most famous poem is The Raven, a copy of which is included. His first poetry book, Tamerlane and Other Poems is so rare that it sells for two hundred thousand dollars per copy. Poe was also a mystery writer and he is often called â€Å"the father of mysteries.† Overall, Poe has greatly influenced American culture. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother, an actress named Elizabeth Arnold Poe, died in 1811 when Edgar Allan Poe was two. Because of this, he was put up for adoption. He was taken into the home of John Allan, who was a tobacco merchant. Poe attended grade school in England and Richmond, Virginia. He attended the University of Virginia for one year. He had to leave because his stepfather refused to pay tuition. Poe’s stepfather did, however, send Poe a little but of money every month. With that money, Poe was able to live comfortably and still have time for his writing. In 1832, after publishing three poetry books, the Philadelphia Saturday Courier printed five of his prose tales. On May 16, 1836, Poe married his younger cousin, Virginia Clemm. On January 30, 1847, she died. This death caused Poe much sorrow and he became an alcoholic. About three short years later, Poe was found dead on October 7, 1849. The conditions of his death are mysterious. After a visit to Norfolk, Virginia, and Richmond, Virginia, Poe was found unconscious and taken to a hospital, where he dies the following Sunday. Poe is buried in the Westminister Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, Maryland. The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a q... ...s lover is dead, he still loves her and will never stop loving her. I think that this is saying that two people who are truly in love cannot ever fall out of love. Even death cannot make their love go away. To me, this poem is an example of what everyone wants someday, true love. This poem has been my favorite poem ever since I first read it. I like how when you read it aloud it has a great rhythm to it and sounds very sing-songy. I believe that this is a wonderful poem with a meaningful message and I hope that one day I can experience this type of love for someone. Works Cited Canfield, Jack, and Mark Victor Hansen, and Kimberly Kirberger, eds. Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul III. Deerfield Beach, Florida: Health Communications, Inc., 2000. Haskins, James S. Always Movin’ On. New York: Franklin Watts, 1976. Hendrick, George, and Hendrick, Willene, eds. Carl Sandburg, Selected Poems. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1996. Washington, Peter, eds. Poe: Poems and Prose. New York: Everyman’s Library Pocket Poets, 1995. Wilson, James Southwall. A Summary of Facts Known About Poe. Edgar Allan Poe Museum: 30 Movember 2000, .

Narrative Essay: she always laughs... :: Example Personal Narratives

she always laughs... Suicide makes me think of my grandmother and uncle whom I never met. Each took their lives before I was born. I spoke with my mother about Grandma Ruth yesterday evening. She delights in telling me how much Grandma Ruth would have loved me. We didn't talk about her often. She died when my mother was a junior in high school. My mother always refered to her as "my mother", so it wasn't until I was a teen that I came up with a name for her. My grandfathers are called by their last names: Grandpa P. and Grandpa R. My other grandmother was called Amah and her husband was Poppa. One day I had a question about my mother's mother and I refered to her as Grandma Ruth. That has been what we have called her ever since. Apparently, on the day she died, she woke up in the morning and gave her husband a dollar, instructing him to send their oldest child to college. Then she took the bus to the bridge where she jumped. My grandfather saved that dollar all these years, but has lost it in the past decade. We have four possessions which formerly belonged to Grandma Ruth. She was schizophrenic and spent half of every year in a mental hospital; we have a sock doll she made in the institution. We have a wonderful pair of green sunglasses she wore; both of the nose pieces are broken off. My grandfather had her wedding ring made into a necklace, which he gave to my mother a few years ago. The fourth item is a large gold cross. The voice my grandmother heard in her head was the voice of god. It was no doubt the voice that told her that she needed to leave this planet. Grandma Ruth and I would have gotten along so well. I would have curled up on a chair in the kitchen while she baked cookies. We would have laughed and gossiped and she would have put flowers in my hair. I would have squaled with a giddy happiness every time she began a story with, "When your mother was little..." I don't know many stories about when my mother was little. She has forgotten most everything, and even now her memory is terrible.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

1. What are the main branches of philosophy? Do philosophers have the same answers to the same philosophical questions? Why? Philosophy is a way of thinking about the big questions in life, from the existence of men to its morality. It is an activity which sharpens our reason. The word was coined by Greeks , meaning â€Å"the love of wisdom†. Philosophy can be divided into six big issues it is interested with. * First, the question about the nature of the world and the existence of Men which is under the domain of Metaphysics or also called Ontology. From the word â€Å"meta† which means beyond and â€Å"physics† which means physical it deals about beyond physical world- the spiritual. It also attempt to answer the ultimate reality of life, our reason of very existence, Who and what God is and, how everything relates to it. * Second, what are the right ways to think and build arguments which is under the field of Logic. It tries to distinguish the valid reasons from the fallacies. It also examines the different general forms that argument may take. It is primarily studied in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and science. * Third, How do we know and how do we think we know which is under the area of Epistemology. From the Greek words †episteme† which means knowledge and â€Å"logia† which means study, it basically deals on how do we acquire knowledge and what is the basis for true knowledge. * Fourth, Ethics which generally centers on the morality of our actions. It differentiates wrong from right and studies character’s actions based in his intentions. This field of Philosophy is vital and applied to other disciplines such as business, medicine, science, robotics, and education. * Fifth, Issues about laws, liberty, rights, property and , politics fall under the Political Philosophy. It is also one of the sub-fields of Political Science. Its purpose is to lay bare the fundamental problems and concepts which frames the study of Politics. It also studies the great thinkers of the past which shapes politics such as Socrates, Plato, Adam Smith and Hobbes. * Lastly, Aesthetics which deals on what is beautiful. Mainly it tries to answer questions which deals in art- music, painting, poetry, and such. It attempts to distinguish what is beautiful, what has taste, and what has artistic value. Philosophy can also be subdivided into three specific categories which are, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language, and Philosophy of Science. These are branches which deal to questions their respective field of subject matters such as what exactly is a mind? how does language work? and Does science has responsibility to humanity? An Educator can ask a question to his students and would receive different responses . We can even expect complex answers to a simple question. It is because people view things in different perspectives, have different degree of intelligence, exposed to different environment, influenced by different people and ideas, and have personal insights and experiences which differ from one person to another. People thoughts varies and no idea can be of an exact match of another. In my opinion, Humans’ mind are like his fingerprint, We all have our fingerprints but its design- the curves and lines is unique in each individual. There might be similarities in ideas between individuals but in some point they contradict. For example, the two famous philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both support the â€Å"Social Contract Theory† in which men enter a mutual agreement to surrender some of their liberty to authority in return of protection, both also, believe that men can exist without government and speak of its dangers in this kind of state-State of Nature. For Hobbes, the entire time that man is in a state of nature, he is in a state of war. He states that â€Å"if any two men cannot enjoy the same thing, they become enemies and in the way to their end†¦. endeavor to destroy or subdue one another† (Wootton, 158). Locke too points out risks, saying that without the â€Å"law of nature† everyone may execute decisions, leading to a state of war (Wootton, 290). However, despite of the similarities, Locke believes that people enter to social contract to seek peace and avoid the fear of death and living in State of Nature is brutish and chaotic while Hobbes believes that State of Nature is important and do exist in some ways such as among governments and leaders. Locke’s view on State of Nature is pessimistic in contrast to Hobbes which he thinks has some potential benefits. Philosophers do not have the same answer to a certain question. Each philosopher present different examples and take different stand on a certain idea. 2. Why has philosophy lost importance in the priorities of contemporary man? Philosophy had the paramount role during the ancient education. It created great and wise thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and, Seneca and influenced bright minds such as Descartes, Adam Smith, and Karl Marx. Although the subject Philosophy is only introduce in higher level of studies in modern years, it diffuses its idea and being applied to core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. Philosophy is still vital in learning until today. The decreasing value given in philosophy arises in the way modern man receive and gather information. Core subjects like Science should teach us to Inquire, to Analyze, to Think, and to Search- which are roles of philosophy but, Educators and with the convenience at reach, Students are being spoon-fed with facts from books and other resource materials instead of encouraging them to explore. They are bound with rules and regulations without giving them a chance to ask why they should follow orders. Students fail to analyze things because most Educators present facts and inculcate it to them through rote memorization instead of validating it. Learners learn facts but never learn to reason. They become man of knowledge but never become man of substance. The decreasing importance of philosophy in modern days is ascribed partly, to us Educators for failing to emphasize and apply its essence to the students. We teach the students to be dependent on the facts provided in books and internet, for we believe that it offers a vast amount of information forgetting that one’s mind can offer limitless insights on a certain topic. 3. Why should philosophy be restored to its former prominence in the priorities of contemporary man? Philosophy is vital in man’s learning and improvement. Giving answers to man’s most perplexed questions or even to the simplest question that bother us gives us sense of satisfaction and purpose in life. In modern times, Philosophy is essential in choosing decisions that has impact on our future such as career path, religion, core beliefs, and even to work or business. Philosophy should never be undermine and be restricted to as a mere subject. It is a way of thinking and essential in making a wise decision hence, should be integrated in daily living. 4. How does western philosophy differ from the eastern? In General, Western Philosophy promotes individualism and more interested in finding and validating the truth while Eastern Philosophy is more interested in finding the balance within one’s self in order to live in harmony with others and thus promoting collectivism. Also, East philosophy which emerged in China is spiritual in nature as opposed to West which starts from Greece is naturalistic and subject to research. Individualism of the West gives meaning to the worth a person as an individual. It gives stress on liberty and self-reliance. â€Å"Man is directly a natural being. As a natural being and as a living natural being he is on the one hand endowed with natural powers, vital powers — he is an active natural being. These forces exist in him as tendencies and abilities — as instincts. On the other hand, as a natural, corporeal, sensuous objective being he is a suffering, conditioned and limited creature, like animals and plants. †¦ A being which does not have its nature outside itself is not a natural being, and plays no part in the system of nature. A being which has no object outside itself is not an objective being. â€Å" Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy in General (1844) â€Å"Self-expression is individuality, and our individuality is our self, which ought to be our chief concern† Ernest Dimnet (1928) The Art of Thinking p. 250 â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. † Henry David Thoreau, Walden: Or, Life in the Woods (1854), chapter 18, p. 210. Collectivism of the East emphasizes the interdependence of individual among others. â€Å"If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself. † â€Å"Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish men from beasts? † Confucius â€Å"A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves. † â€Å"Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. † Lao Tzu â€Å"The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. † Rabindranath Tagore.

Cult Activities and Psychological Manipulation

Cult Activities and Psychological Manipulation Cultic activity is all around us and we don’t even know it. People around the world are being psychologically manipulated (brain washed) in these cults and they are not even aware of the control that someone has over them. As I checked out the links on the Ex-Cult Resource Center Website I found some very interesting information as well as the different types of cults, some religious and some not religious. It is sad that manipulation would be associated with religion, but it’s happening every day. There are three kinds of cults. They are secular, religious and universal. The secular definition of a cult is all that is involved in worship, ritual, emotion, liturgy and attitude. This definition actually denotes what we call denominations and sects and would make all religious movements a cult. The Christian definition is any group which deviates from Biblical, orthodox, historical Christianity. e i. They deny the Deity of Christ; His physical resurrection; His personal and physical return to earth and salvation by FAITH alone. The universal definition is any group which has a pyramid type, authoritarian leadership structure with all teaching and guidance coming from the person/persons at the top. The group will claim to be the only way to God; Nirvana; Paradise; Ultimate Reality; Full Potential, Way to Happiness and will use thought reformor mind control techniques to gain control and keep their members. Although all cults are bad, the universal cult is the one that you see in movies and the one that I believe to be the worst. This is really where the mind control comes in. A person is no longer themselves or in control of their own lives. People are stripped of their individuality, their intimacy with others, their finances, how they spend their time, and they have no free will. Because of these abuses, the individual’s personality changes to where they are not even recognized by relatives, they seem paranoid, they lose their identity, they can’t socialize outside the group and their world views are altered to which they see the world through their leader’s eyes. It is very scary to think about the fact that a person can have such control over someone’s life that they are no longer themselves. As I looked at the ICSA website, I see that it collects and disseminates information through periodicals and Web sites, conducts and encourages research, maintains an information phone line, and runs workshops and conferences. Some family members don’t know where to begin to save their loved ones who are in these cults, but there is place that offers helpful solutions to save loved ones from the cultic society. The International Cultic Studies Association (ICSA) is a global network of people concerned about psychological manipulation and abuse in cultic groups, alternative movements, and other environments. ICSA consists of and responds to the needs of people interested in cults, new religious movements, and other environments. In order to help affected families and individuals, enhance the skills of helping professionals, and forewarn those who might become involved in harmful group situations, ICSA collects and disseminates information through periodicals and Web sites, conducts and encourages research, maintains an information phone line, and runs workshops and conferences. Other resources include local meetings, special lectures, seminars, an e-library with more than 25,000 documents, personalized assistance perspectives on how to evaluate and use information to deal effectively with problems related to cultic groups, offer support for cultic studies research, and there are opportunities to network with families and former members of cults and related groups. It is wonderful that these resources are available to families who need to save their family members. This is a great website with helpful information. It is good to know that there is help out there for people who need it. References Identifying a Cult. Retrieved from http://www. ex-cult. org on May 20, 2011. International Cultic Studies Association. Retrieved from http://www. csj. org on May 20, 2011.

Alibaba.Com Case Essay

1. Alibaba.com was an early entrant into the B2B portal market in China. In about 100 words, explain how this might have created a lock-in effect, especially given the types of businesses he site attracts. Alibaba.com does translation as well as listings for small to mid-sized businesses who want to do business. In so doing there is a lot of time and effort put into this business venture by these businesses. Once they are established and have spent the money to get there they wouldn’t be looking at changing their site unless this one wasn’t working for them. Since this site really concentrates its efforts towards these businesses and it is working they are pretty much a lock-in. Other businesses startups that would try and gain their business would have to provide something they are not already getting in order to lure them away. 2. Alibaba.com currently charges foreign sellers an annual fee of about $400 for a TrustPass membership, but Chinese companies pay $8000 or more for their annual listings as China Gold Suppliers. In about 200 words, explain why the site has different listing charges for the two types of members and critically evaluate this practice. Foreign sellers are limited to the amount of items they can list on the site. The TrustPass isn’t necessary for them to buy it only pays for a credit check that assures companies wanting to buy for them that they have been checked out. It would be advantageous for companies to pay the fee for a TrustPass in order for the companies wanting to buy from them to know they are someone who can be trusted. Whereas, the money paid by the Chinese companies is paying for the translation and the listing of all their information on the site as well as marketing. Chinese companies are not limited to the amount of items they can list. Alibaba.com is also connecting small and mid-sized businesses from around the world with those small and mid-sized businesses in China who subscribe to them. Alibaba.com is doing marketing for these businesses that might otherwise not have the resources to do this. Most small or mid-sized businesses in China would look to such means as trade fairs and other such avenues to meet other suppliers and to attract customers to their businesses. There is such a wide gap between the pricing that it could be construed the Chinese companies are way over paying for the services. However, when you look at all they are getting for their money and the fact it is opening many more doors for them it seems it isn’t. With the growth of the company and the renewal rate – it seems to be working well for them and they aren’t arguing the price. 3. You learned in Chapter 5 that large companies, such as General Electric and Sears, often require suppliers to follow specific rules if they want to do business (such as using EDI or even a specific EDI VAN). Alibaba.com currently focuses on connecting SMBs with each other. In about 200 words, discuss opportunities that might exist for Alibaba.com to become an intermediary in relationships between Chinese SMBs and large global companies such as General Electric and Sears. Alibaba.com could be the site to use a value-added network (VAN) and have all the software, equipment and skills needed to do transactions with the bigger companies. By having only one EDI translator computer saving each of the SMBs it contracts with from each one of them having to have their own. By hooking up with a VAN provider Alibaba.com would have the advantages of that provider for all of the SMBs it has contacts with. By everyone using the same VAN the costs could be spread out over everyone and not be so costly, thus letting all the SMBs getting the advantages of the VAN. By doing this Alibaba.com becomes a supplier for not only SMBs to SMBs but can now help those SMBs by selling to larger and more retail companies who require that anyone they buy from have an EDI. By Alibaba.com moving to this next step they can up their membership fees to cover the cost of upgrading to this option. It is a win-win situation for both Alibaba.com and all of the SMBs it does business with. Alibaba.com grows and the SMBs are now able to contract with bigger industrial companies and retailers that they would not have the opportunity to do before. With these new contracting opportunities the SMBs also have the opportunity to grow. 4. In 2003, Alibaba.com launched Taobao.com to compete in the general consumer online auction market against eBay in China. After four years of an intensive and expensive battle, eBay withdrew from China completely. In about 200 words, describe the advantages Alibaba.com might have had over eBay in this new market, and then describe the advantages eBay might have had over Alibaba.com. Be sure to discuss lock-in effects where appropriate. Alibaba.com was already a well-known and trusted name in business dealings when it opened Taobao.com. Since Alibaba.com was pretty much a lock-in with its B2B portal for SMBs it would be a natural progression for Taobao.com under the Alibaba.com structure to become a lock-in for another market being the general consumer online auction market. By drawing off of the Alibaba.com name the Taobao.com site would become more valuable to people who already are aware of the company than in investing in a new company such as eBay trying to come in and start from scratch. The trust had already been gained and people are not going to willingly move from a company they already trust to a new company starting out. By being an established company Taobao.com could possibly be able to offer incentives, fairer prices and a larger buyer/seller base than eBay just coming in. People who are buying or selling would want the larger base in order to get what they want to buy or to get a better price for what they are selling. By winning against eBay this would pretty much lock-in Taobao.com and make it rather difficult for any other company wanting to try and compete against them in the future. 5. In 2005, Yahoo! Paid $1 billion for a 40 percent interest in Alibaba.com. Yahoo! was interested in the company’s Taobao.com auction site because Yahoo! had not been as successful as it would have liked in developing its own Chinese auction site. However, Yahoo! was also interested in using Alibaba.com’s strong reputation in China to help I compete with Baidu.com, the top Chinese search engine site. In about 200 words, describe the ways in which Alibaba.com’s reputation could help Yahoo! Compete more effectively as a search engine and Web portal in China. By Alibaba.com being an established business since 1995 and being a lock-in for the, SMB to SMB, B2B market worldwide and then being another lock-in for the general consumer online auction market in 2003 it’s competition in both areas were basically out of luck. By Yahoo! offering to buy into the company showed that they knew they weren’t going to be able to come in as a new company and beat out Alibaba.com or Taobao.com. It had already been tried by eBay and they had failed after spending years and money to do it and not making it. Therefore, by buying an interest in an already established company Yahoo! was able to get its name out there in the public sector and business sectors and start gaining the trust by becoming a part of an already trusted company. When a large company endorses another product or site it lends credibility to that product or site and its followers are more willing to take a chance on the new one. By Alibaba.com and Taobao.com putting their mark on Yahoo! as a reliable search engine and Web portal it was saying to all of their contract businesses and buyers and sellers that this was someone they should use and trust as well. Thus they gave Yahoo! that boost above any of the other search engines out their vying for people to use them.

Colors of Love Essay

They say in love nothing is impossible. Height, weight, distance and of course age is just a damn number. To love is a great feeling but to be loved is a much greater feeling. But it’s hard to be hurt, that feeling like when your heart’s gonna burst and while in pain, you’re just crying and crying and crying. The first time I saw him, I was starstrucked! â€Å"Wow, he’s so tall and kinda handsome. Does he have any talent and is he that smart enough? If he does, then he’s already!† When my classmates and I began to study with him the girls were like â€Å"Oh my gosh!† they started to like him. â€Å"If only I could, tsk† I murmured. At first, I thought that love isn’t true because reading then studying and vice versa are the things I only do, because my goals are to finish my studies in the best university, then to have a job with a high salary, and to have my own family, as simple as that. We are not very rich just rich alone. My mother is a doctor; in fact she belongs to the family of doctors, while my father is an engineer and a president in one of the biggest hotel and casino here in the Philippines. They both met in Europe while having a vacation in Switzerland. My family owned a lot of businesses and properties worldwide. But, even though, I can live without working, I still wanna pursue my dreams on my own. I have an older sister and she’s eight years older than me, but we are still very close. She is my best friend and mentor. She has no boyfriend; I mean she doesn’t have a boyfriend anymore. By the way enough with my life, let’s go back to my story. After a while I get to know him and to my surprise he doesn’t have any girlfriend. The more we have conversations the more I fall to him. Then one day, he uttered all the characteristics he wanted for a girl. â€Å"Of course I want an honest and loyal in a way that she won’t flirt with others, responsible, kind-hearted, loving and sweet ‘cause I want a girl who can take good care of me, smart, has a great sense of humour, since I don’t want a boring girl and she should know how to make me smile and laugh, knows how to cook well, pretty and with a killer smile and also a prayerful one.† He said that while smiling. â€Å"Shit! His voice is so attractive. The way he smiled made me speechless† I mumbled. Then jokingly he asked me. â€Å"How about you what do you want for a guy?† â€Å"I want a guy who loves me a lot, and only me alone, protective and concerned but not in a way that I’ll not be suffocated, I want a guy who allots his time for me, I also wants who loves me not with what I have but with who I am, an honest one that will not hurt and give me pain, brave and strong and ready to stand-up for me, of course I also think about our future, so that, I want a smart, resourceful and an industrious one. The looks and talent should be there also but being taller than me and a sport minded one is an edge.† â€Å"Whoa! You are still young but you think and plan deeper than me, on the other hand, is it really possible that we can find the one for us that has the attitudes we like?† â€Å"Yes, if God and the future will be good to us. But God won’t give us the things we wanted, but, instead, He bestows us the things we needed.† â€Å"You’re right; by the way I ha ve a class to attend to. Just study first, your too young for love.† When I got home, I was like an idiot smiling and laughing alone. Until my sister noticed me, she asked â€Å"Hey, why are you smiling like a freak there? Want to share? Is it about your lovelife?† â€Å"Ye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But I want to share my story to you first† â€Å"Okay† â€Å"Do you know that my ex-boyfriend’s cousin has a friend. Then his friend has a brother that I saw a while ago in one of our stores together with JJ, my ex- boyfriend. He introduced Grey to me and vice versa. Grey is the perfect for an ideal boyfriend!†. â€Å"Wow, he’s name is like mine’s it’s so manly too.† â€Å"So a guy is the cause of your smile right?† â€Å"Yeah† â€Å"Are you in love?† â€Å"No! It has only been five months since we met.† â€Å"Denying is also lying right? So are you lying to me? Ok, fine I’ll gonna sleep!† â€Å"Ok, Purps good night!† The next day we meet again and talked about the girl he likes. â€Å"You know what she’s so kind, even though, we just known each other for a short period of time. I think that I like her, but I shouldn’t be.† â€Å"Huh? But why?† â€Å"No, nevermind!† â€Å"Wait are we considered as close friends already?† â€Å"Of course. I think we are more than close, we are best friends.† â€Å"Really? Aren’t we awkward?† â€Å"Of course not! We are not doing anything bad naman ah!† â€Å"Okay, it’s my turn now, do you know that there’s a guy I like?† â€Å"Whoa! Really do you have a love life now?† Laughingly I said â€Å"Lovelife in an instant, can’t I have any crush first? By the way, aside from his looks, he also dances naturally plus he’s smart also!† â€Å"Really? If that so, he would be very lucky.† He answered in a low tone of voice. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Oops, the bell already rang. Okay, catch yah later!† Tsk. Crap that’s it na nga eh! He’ll gonna tell the reason. Badtrip! I went home so late because of the plenty requirements my teachers gave plus I have so many things to bring! Then my friends went home early and my driver can’t fetch me because he has to attend his son’s wedding tonight! This is an unlucky day. I really don’t want to ride in a cab and I’m not used to commute alone. â€Å"As I was waiting for a cab to arrive someone shouted† â€Å"Hey!† I looked back and said â€Å"Oh, it’s you! I thought you already went home† â€Å"Yeah, I was walking straight to my apartment but I saw your driver near the church. So I hurriedly go back here to check if you already have gone home. Let me have your things, I’m gonna accompany you, so that, I am ensured that you will be safe.† I was really so flattered about the things he said and didn’t have the chance to answer him back or even thank him. After an hour of standing there, he finally decided that we should take a jeepney. As we sit upon, the people are all staring and were like â€Å"Seriously?† Since I am really tired I almost fall asleep, he hugged me, so that, my head will be supported. An ensuing silence between us two was felt. And as the driver said the destination, I hurriedly thank him and got down the jeep. â€Å"Take care!† he shouted. And I replied him with a smile. As I am walking a group of men suddenly grabbed my hair and pointed me with a knife. I tried to scream but they are too strong for me. My things fell off on my hands. I am really scared, there was nothing that I could do, but to cry and cry as they were unbuttoning my blouse, I am really hopeless. But out of the blue, I heard gunshots, and as I open my eyes, all I can see darkness, and a man wearing a yellow shirt, but I didn’t have the chance to thank him or even see his face. The next thing I know is that it is already morning and I’m in a hospital, my things are also there too. The nurses already contacted the number in my I.D. They said that a man named Y.L. brought me there. I am fine and still not touched, although I got some bruises. Purps texted me that she can’t come because her boss didn’t still arrive in the office, she just advised me to call my driver quickly, so that, I can already rest. As we arrived in our house, I quickly sleep, and when I woke up my sister texted me that she can’t go home early, because she have to visit her boss in the hospital who had been beaten up and has deep stab. The next day, I ignore everyone, as if I’m the only one living in this world, and I pay no attention even to my bestfriend. â€Å"Hey are you okay? What happened why were you absent yesterday?† he asked when I was about to ride in the car. â€Å"I’m sorry I’m really tired. I’m not in the mood to talk about anything today.† I answered. As Manong Fred is preparing to start the engine, I heard my bestfriend whispered. â€Å"Is she okay? Is it my fault? I really miss her a lot.† It has been weeks since we had our last convo. He texts, calls and even send me cards to know my situation, although I really appreciate his efforts, I still avoided him, I just don’t know why I’m doing this to him, maybe I’m just blaming him to what had happened to me. Today, a month before my birthday, Purps told me something. â€Å"Sis, do you remember my boss?† â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Well he was the one who saved you last month from those maniacs.† â€Å"Really, how’d you know?† â€Å"He accidentally saw your picture on my phone and told me the story.† â€Å"But why didn’t he show up?† â€Å"It is because he had a deep cut and needed an operation quickly, that’s why you had blood stains on your uniform right?† â€Å"Oh. But why is he strolling around our village?† â€Å"He will pick me up because we had a date that night; actually until now we are dating. By the way, do you still rememb er Grey?† â€Å"Kinda?† â€Å"Well, he’s Y.L’s brother and he’s teaching in your school, in fact he’s real name is Derrick Kryp.† Those words of Purps made me speechless. I am really surprised. â€Å"Wha†¦What did you say? Because Grey or Sir Rick is the one I love.† â€Å"Really? Whoa! Actually I asked Y.L to bring Grey together with him, for you two to meet each other, but to my surprised I’m the one who needs to know my sister’s love more.† I have nothing to do but to be amazed, ‘cause we are so connected with each other. â€Å"Red, they also have a little sister named Gelai or Green. Isn’t it amazing our names just like them are like colors?† â€Å"Yeah, it is.† In any minute they’ll be here. And I’m not yet ready to face them. Then they arrived, and as we ride the car, no one speaks, as if the four of us don’t know each other. Rick and I are seemed to be very surprised of what is going on, then an ensuing silence was heard To bring out the mood, Y.L began to speak â€Å"How are you now Red? Aren’t you traumatized?† Then Rick started to ponder â€Å"Huh? What’s going on? Are you two knew each other? What traumatized?† â€Å"Yeah, Y.L, I’m much better now than last month. By the way, thank you very much.† I answered. Then Purps replied to Rick’s question. â€Å"Y.L was the person who saved my sister from those maniacs who attempted to rape her last month.† â€Å"Really? Red, is that the reason why you had avoided me these past weeks? Are you really okay now?† Rick asked me, but I didn’t answered. When we arrived in the restaurant, Purps reserved as another table. â€Å"Red, why didn’t you tell me about that incident? You know what I’m really mad that you aren’t talking to me last month.† â€Å"I’m really sorry, I just didn’t want to talk about it and maybe I’m too scared of what had happened.† â€Å"I really miss you Red, I thought that you are about to forget me, without knowing the reason why. â€Å"I missed you too Derrick, but remember that I won’t forget you, you’ll always be in my heart.† â€Å"Red, I love you, I love you more than anything else in this world. I even love you more than my life.† Those words of him made me wordless, I feel like I has been struck by a lightning, my heart beats so fast and I feel like I am jumping in the cloud nine, I’ve never felt this feeling before. â€Å"What? Are you crazy? I’m a graduating highschool student who is deeply inlove with her teacher, and 15 year-old girl who has a relationship with her educator. What will others say to us? What will be our future?† â€Å"Really, do you also love me? I don’t care what will others will say to us, as long as we are both happy of what we are doing and we aren’t hurting others. I’ll just resign being a teacher after you had graduated and work for my brother in our company, is it okay with you?† â€Å"Yeah, as long as we will be together legally. I really love you.† He suddenly hugged me and whispered unto my ears the words I love to hear everyday â€Å"I love you and I will always do.† â€Å"We will be legalized after I graduated don’t worry, just wait for a month and you can call me your girl and not your student anymore.† â€Å"Of course, for you I’ll do everything.†